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Multiple-prism grating laser oscillator : ウィキペディア英語版 | Multiple-prism grating laser oscillator Multiple-prism grating laser oscillators,〔F. J. Duarte, Narrow-linewidth pulsed dye laser oscillators, in ''Dye Laser Principles'' (Academic, New York, 1990) Chapter 4.〕 or MPG laser oscillators, use multiple-prism beam expansion to illuminate a diffraction grating mounted either in Littrow configuration or grazing-incidence configuration. Originally, these narrow-linewidth tunable dispersive oscillators were introduced as multiple-prism Littrow (MPL) grating oscillators,〔F. J. Duarte and J. A. Piper, A double-prism beam expander for pulsed dye lasers, ''Opt. Commun.'' 35, 100-104 (1980).〕 or hybrid multiple-prism near-grazing-incidence (HMPGI) grating cavities,〔F. J. Duarte and J. A. Piper, A prism preexpanded grazing incidence pulsed dye laser, ''Appl. Opt.'' 20, 2113-2116 (1981).〕〔F. J. Duarte and J. A. Piper, Narrow linewidth high prf copper laser-pumped dye-laser oscillators, ''Appl. Opt.'' 23, 1391-1394 (1984).〕 in organic dye lasers. However, these designs were quickly adopted for other types of lasers such as gas lasers,〔F. J. Duarte, Multiple-prism Littrow and grazing incidence pulsed CO2 lasers, ''Appl. Opt.'' 24, 1244-1245 (1985).〕〔R. C. Sze and D. G. Harris, Tunable excimer lasers, in ''Tunable Lasers Handbook'', F. J. Duarte (Ed.) (Academic, New York, 1995) Chapter 3.〕 diode lasers,〔P. Zorabedian, Characteristics of a grating-external-cavity semiconductor laser containing intracavity prism beam expanders, ''J. Lightwave Tech.'' 10, 330-335 (1992).〕〔P. Zorabedian, Tunable external cavity semiconductor lasers, in ''Tunable Lasers Handbook'', F. J. Duarte (Ed.) (Academic, New York, 1995) Chapter 8.〕 and more recently fiber lasers.〔T. M. Shay and F. J. Duarte, in ''Tunable Laser Applications'', 2nd Ed., F. J. Duarte (Ed.) (CRC, New York, 2009) Chapter 9.〕 ==Excitation==
Multiple-prism grating laser oscillators can be excited either electrically, as in the case of gas lasers and semiconductor lasers,〔(F. J. Duarte, ''Tunable Laser Optics'', 2nd Ed. (CRC, New York, 2015) ).〕 or optically, as in the case of crystalline lasers and organic dye lasers.〔 In the case of optical excitation it is often necessary to match the polarization of the excitation laser to the polarization preference of the multiple-prism grating oscillator.〔 This can be done using a polarization rotator thus improving the laser conversion efficiency.〔
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